Currently all sunscreens are required to contain an SPF factor on their labels. SPF stands for “sun protection factor”. According to the
FDA“SPF is a measure of how much solar energy (UV radiation) is required to produce sunburn on protected skin (i.e., in the presence of sunscreen) relative to the amount of solar energy required to produce sunburn on unprotected skin. As the SPF value increases, sunburn protection increases.”
SPF is often misunderstood. Some believe that the SPF number indicates how much time you can spend in the sun before having to reapply. But actually the number is just a relative marker to gauge how many UVB rays one product will block versus another product.
The effectiveness of a sunscreen ultimately depends on many factors including the following:
- your own skin pigmentation
- how often you reapply
- how much sunscreen you use in each application
- the time of day (the suns rays are stronger at midday)
- the type of activity you are doing (swimming and perspiration will wash away sunscreens)
Another area that is not well understood is the difference between UVA and UVB rays. Sunlight is composed of both UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays are the ones that cause your skin to burn and UVA rays cause skin to tan. Both types are bad and contribute to skin cancer. The SPF Factor only measures how effective the product is against UVB rays (the kind that burn). Many products have added some wording such as “broad spectrum” or “blocks both UVB and UVA rays” to their packaging. But there is no scale that tells the consumer how good the product actually is against blocking UVA rays.
The FDA has issued a new proposal (Docket No. 1978N-0038) that, if passed, will change the labeling on sunscreens with regards to UVA rays. The new system will be based on 4 stars. A one star rating would indicate low UVA protection and a four star rating would indicate high UVA protection. In addition to the 4 star system for UVA rays some highlights of the proposal are as follows:
- The SPF (UVB protection) would continue to be listed, but would now be called “sunBURN protection factor” as opposed to “sun protection factor”.
- The label would say “UVB protection” next to SPF
- There would be a warning statement in the Drug Facts box stating that it is important to limit the time spent in the sun, and wear protective clothing, in addition to using sunscreen.
Also, the FDA is inviting public comments on the use of nanoparticles in sunscreens and the use of new forms of suncreen such as mousses, foams, sprays, and towelettes. The FDA site has a question and answer page on the proposed rule and an article for consumers. If you would like to comment electronically to the FDA on the proposed rule click here or, alternatively, you can write to them at
Division of Dockets Management
Food and Drug Administration
5630 Fishers Lane, Room 1061
Rockville, MD 20852
Fax: 301-827-6870
Please include Docket No. 1978N-0038 on any correspondence.